Archetypes in Harry Potter Essay -- Literary Analysis

Since the distribution of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone in 1997, J.K. Rowling’s top rated arrangement has gotten massively well known, prove to some degree by its interpretation into in excess of seventy dialects (Plunkett). As its ubiquity has expanded, it has been held in correspondingly higher regard until Harry Potter at long last joined any semblance of Peter Pan and Robin Hood, and Rowling’s arrangement was informally marked Children’s Literature. Because of this station, it is being dealt with all the more genuinely and analyzed all the more diagnostically. This consideration has lit up references and examples that force extra layers of importance onto the story. Harry Potter’s journey, definite through seven books and a great many pages, incorporates original characters, circumstances, and structure of an exemplary epic. The fundamental character of an exemplary epic is the epic saint. This saint is generally male, and he performs gutsy, even superhuman accomplishments which â€Å"determine the destiny of a nation† (Stephens). He â€Å"must embrace a long and dangerous excursion, regularly including a plunge into the underworld,† during which his â€Å"endurance, mental fortitude, and cunning† are tried (Characteristics of an Epic Hero). An outing to the Underworld is normally went with, sooner or later, by â€Å"epic games† and at least one â€Å"vision[s] of the future† (Stephens). In spite of the fact that the hero’s companions may be incredible warriors, â€Å"he embraces an errand that nobody else dare attempt† (Characteristics of the Epic Hero). Over the span of his turn of events, the legend goes through three phases, each comprising of a few stages: first, the saint withdraws the known world; at that point sets out upon the mission, is changed, and accomplishes development; lastly, the legend must come back to the known (The Hero's Journey). The storyline at last ... ...lunkett, Suzanne. J.K. Rowling reports new book; Harry Potter fans respond. 23 June 2011. The Washington Post. 6 June 2012 . Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. New York: Scholastic, Inc., 2007. â€. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. New York: Scholastic, Inc., 2003. â€. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone. New York: Scholastic, Inc., 1997. Stephens, Jimmy. Paradigms: Student Notes and Exercises. August 2007. 9 June 2012 . The Hero's Journey. Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Schools. 8 June 2012 . Paradigms in Harry Potter Essay - Literary Analysis Since the distribution of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone in 1997, J.K. Rowling’s smash hit arrangement has gotten tremendously well known, prove to some extent by its interpretation into in excess of seventy dialects (Plunkett). As its fame has expanded, it has been held in correspondingly higher regard until Harry Potter at last joined any semblance of Peter Pan and Robin Hood, and Rowling’s arrangement was informally marked Children’s Literature. Because of this station, it is being dealt with all the more truly and analyzed all the more systematically. This consideration has lit up references and examples that force extra layers of importance onto the story. Harry Potter’s journey, definite through seven books and a large number of pages, incorporates original characters, circumstances, and structure of an exemplary epic. The primary character of a great epic is the epic saint. This saint is typically male, and he performs bold, even superhuman accomplishments which â€Å"determine the destiny of a nation† (Stephens). He â€Å"must embrace a long and risky excursion, frequently including a plummet into the underworld,† during which his â€Å"endurance, fearlessness, and cunning† are tried (Characteristics of an Epic Hero). An outing to the Underworld is generally went with, sooner or later, by â€Å"epic games† and at least one â€Å"vision[s] of the future† (Stephens). Despite the fact that the hero’s companions may be extraordinary warriors, â€Å"he embraces an undertaking that nobody else dare attempt† (Characteristics of the Epic Hero). Throughout his turn of events, the saint goes through three phases, each comprising of a few stages: first, the legend leaves the known world; at that point sets out upon the mission, is changed, and accomplishes de velopment; lastly, the saint must come back to the known (The Hero's Journey). The storyline at last ... ...lunkett, Suzanne. J.K. Rowling declares new book; Harry Potter fans respond. 23 June 2011. The Washington Post. 6 June 2012 . Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. New York: Scholastic, Inc., 2007. â€. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. New York: Scholastic, Inc., 2003. â€. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone. New York: Scholastic, Inc., 1997. Stephens, Jimmy. Paradigms: Student Notes and Exercises. August 2007. 9 June 2012 . The Hero's Journey. Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Schools. 8 June 2012 .

Camera shots english Essay

A camera shot is the measure of room that is found in one shot or casing. Camera shots are utilized to exhibit various parts of a film’s setting, characters and topics. Thus, camera shots are significant in forming importance in a film. Inspecting the models on the correct hand side of this page should make the diverse camera shots more clear. An extraordinary since a long time ago shot (activity on right) contains a lot of scene. It is regularly utilized toward the start of a scene or a film to set up general location(setting). This is otherwise called a building up shot. A since a long time ago shot (activity on right) contains scene yet gives the watcher an increasingly explicit thought of setting. A since quite a while ago shot may show the watchers the structure where the move will make place. A full shot (movement on right) contains a total perspective on the characters. From this shot, watchers can take in the ensembles of characters and may likewise assist with exhibiting the connections between characters. For more data on ensembles and acting allude to Chapter 4. A mid shot (activity on right) contains the characters or a character from the midriff up. From this shot, watchers can see the characters’ faces all the more plainly just as their collaboration with different characters. This is otherwise called a social shot A nearby (movement on right) contains only one character’s face. This empowers watchers to comprehend the actor’s feelings and furthermore permits them to feel compassion for the character. This is otherwise called an individual shot. An extraordinary close-up (activity on right) contains one piece of a character’s faceor other article. This method is very basic with sickening dread movies, especially the model above. This kind of shot makes a serious state of mind and gives collaboration between the crowd and the watcher. While breaking down a film you ought to consistently consider the distinctive camera shots and why they are being utilized. Whenever that you are at the film or sitting in front of the TV see what camera shots are being utilized. Significant: These camera shots are utilized in all types of visual writings including postcards, banners and print notices. Camera points It is significant that you don't confound camera edges and camera shots. Camera shots are utilized to exhibit various parts of setting, subjects and characters. Camera edges are utilized to situate the watcher with the goal that they can comprehend the connections between the characters. These are significant for forming importance in film just as in other visual writings. The accompanying models will assist you with understanding the contrasts between the diverse camera edges A bird’s eye edge (liveliness on right) is an edge that looks legitimately downward on a scene. This edge is regularly utilized as a building up point, alongside an extraordinary since quite a while ago shot, to set up setting. A high edge (activity on right) is a camera edge that looks downward regarding a matter. A character shot with a high point will look powerless or little. These points are regularly used to exhibit to the crowd a viewpoint of a specific character. The model above shows to us the viewpoint or perspective of a vampire. As a watcher we can comprehend that the vampire feels incredible. An eye-level point (movement on right) puts the crowd on an equivalent balance with the character/s. This is the most usually utilized point in many movies as it permits the watchers to feel great with the characters. A low point (movement on right) is a camera edge that gazes toward a character. This is something contrary to a high edge and makes a character look all the more impressive. This can cause the crowd to feel powerless and little by gazing toward the character. This can enable the responder to feel sympathy on the off chance that they are seeing the edge from another character’s perspective. Likewise with camera shots, you will have the option to see numerous instances of camera edges in any film or visual content that you see. Whenever that you sit in front of the TV or see a film, observe the camera edges and consider how they influence your discernment (thought) of various characters. Another camera point that you may go over is a Dutch edge. A Dutch point (liveliness on right) is utilized to show the disarray of a character. The model above ought to disorientate you. Camera development Composers of movies likewise use camera development to shape meaning. Coming up next are a few instances of normal camera developments and how they can be utilized to shape importance in films. A crane shot (liveliness on right) is regularly utilized by authors of movies to connote the finish of a film or scene. The impact is accomplished by the camera being put on a crane that can move upwards A following shot and a dolly shot (activity on right) have a similar impact. A following shot proceeds onward tracks and a dolly shot is mounted on a streetcar to accomplish the impact in the model above. This camera development is utilized in various manners however is most regularly used to investigate a room, for example, a café. By utilizing a following shot or a dolly shot the arranger of a film gives the watcher a nitty gritty voyage through a circumstance. It can likewise be utilized to follow a character. Panning (liveliness on right) is utilized to give the watcher an all encompassing perspective on a set or setting. This can be utilized to build up a scene Others An Evangelion shot (liveliness on right) is gotten from the well known anime arrangement ‘Neon Genesis Evangelion’. This camera development starts as an outrageous close-up and zooms out suddenly, making an obscuring impact to accentuate the speed and size of the article Lighting is a significant angle for forming importance in films. What sort of air is made in a room lit by candles? Have you at any point known about state of mind lighting? A room that is brilliantly lit by neon lights may appear to be clean or a shadowy room may be creepy or terrifying. The lighting experts in a film team have the errand of making lighting to suit the mind-set and climate of every scene in a film. Consider the activitys Lighting model one, Lighting model two, Lighting model three and consider what sort of air is made in each. For every model, do you think the lighting suits the characters in the edges? For example, in Example Three the two individuals are cheerful and the scene is lit splendidly. What might be the impact on the climate if the lighting were dim and shadowy, like Example Two? Recollect that lighting is utilized in still picture visual messages just as in films. Cinematography Cinematography is the mix of the methods portrayed in this section. This incorporates camera shots, camera edges, camera development and lighting. Utilize the term cinematography to gather these together, for instance, ‘The cinematography in that film was outstanding. ‘ Mise en Scene Mise en scene alludes to all the items and characters in a specific casing. All the more explicitly, it alludes to the organization of the edge. At the point when you utilize the term mise en scene, you are talking about where the author or executive has set all the components of the scene inside the casing.

17 Days

17 Days (title inspired by Derricks recent blog =D) So, the Early Action deadline came and went. For those that submitted EA applications, good job and best wishes! :) On November 7, I received an email. To be honest, I was very surprised that someone noticed this fact. The note was short and simple: Should I be expecting an entry today? ;) [name omitted by request] Kudos to you and your eagle-eyed observation skills! Indeed, I was planning to draft an entry on November 7, but I had to call it off because I was too busy tooling psets and recovering from sleep deprivation. (If you havent noticed, I have been drafting on a 12-day posting schedule. It wasnt deliberate in the beginning but I wrote the third entry intentionally on October 26 because I wanted to keep the pattern =p) Im back, after 12+5 days! Ill let pictures tell the story of this last two weeks-ish. :) Before the weather turned cold, Allen and I went sailing for the last time. Allen was my sailing partner in the Sailing PE class that I took during first quarter, so we went out again after the sailing season was officially closed for the year. Every student that graduates from MIT is required to attain 8 PE points before the end of his/her sophomore year* as part of the PE GIRs (General Institute Requirements) set down by MIT (which also entails an 100-yard Swim Test). Students may satisfy these points in a variety of ways. If you take a standard Physical Education class during the term, it generally gives you 2 points and lasts for one quarter (about 2 months). You can also gain points for PE courses taken during IAP (like skiing!) and special PE classes like backpacking for a weekend in the White Mountains. The PE course offering at MIT is incredibly diverse, ranging from sailing to pistol to ballroom dancing to scuba diving to skating and Im only scraping the surface! (* = thanks for the correction!) I took Sailing the first quarter and learned how to set up and operate a Tech Dinghy, which is the most basic type of sailboats at MIT. In order to take Sailing, you will also need to pass a Boating Test after your Swim Test offered in the beginning of the year, and it basically entails being able to tread water for ten minutes (hey you also get to chat with the other people who are taking the boating test while bobbing up and down in the water!). When I first arrived at MIT, I must admit that I was somewhat disheartened that Physical Education, a class I hated intensely disliked in high school, would follow me to college. However, through taking sailing, I started thoroughly enjoying the experience, sometimes even looking forward to another afternoon on the Charles River. In high school, I always felt that PE was something tedious to get through, a class that didnt mean much but still provided a grade on the transcript. At MIT, after browsing the incredibly extensive PE course listing and going through my first PE class, Im amazed at all the sports/activities that one can learn here through the Physical Education program (ALL FREE for the vast majority of classes!) It provides a much needed diversion from the tedium of too many problem sets, and provides entry-level instruction without requiring prior experience in most classes. Im taking Pistol this quarter, and Im also enjoying it. :) For most of the first half of last week, I basically lived in Libraries and Study Rooms for the majority of my evenings. I had a big paper due in 17.40* last Tuesday, so I was holed up in Dewey Library (the social science library), voraciously consuming more than 1000 pages of primary text on international terrorism on Monday. On Tuesday night, I was dozing in Hayden Library, exhausted from completing the 8.01* pset (problem sets, or MITs more-sophisticated way of saying homework). On Wednesday, I was working the night away in Barker Library, studying 18.02*. I love the different personalities of each MIT library, and thats why I chose to do the majority of my work in them, frequenting them in cycles like what I did in the first half of this week. I will blog about them soon, stay tuned! *17.40 = American Foreign Policy, 8.01 = Physics: Mechanics, 18.02 = Multivariable Calculus. Of course, after working hard on the psets, there is always some much needed repast. I may not be the greatest chef, but I am happy to say that I have discovered the art of frying Japanese noodles. (after all, Anyone Can Cook, right? Ahh, Ratatouille love 3) Of course, theres a reason for working this hard the first half of this week. I was leaving on a MUN conference! :) Ive done Model United Nations in high school, and its magic once again captured me in college, so I decided to attend this conference. The conference is hosted by the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia from Thursday to Sunday. (UPMUNC = University of Pennsylvania Model United Nations Conference). Six of us from MITs MUN Team went for this conference! A short explanation of MUN (for those of you that might not know what it is): Model United Nations is a simulated conference of the actual United Nations. Each student attending the conference typically represents a country in a specific council (theyre called delegates). For example, a student may represent Iceland on the Economic and Social Council of MUN that deals specifically with the issue of Global Pandemics. The conference is comprised of many different councils (many of which actually exist in the UN different General Assemblies (Human Rights, Global Security) and more specialized councils like the UN Security Council and the Economic and Social Councils (ECOSOCs), for example), and each council tries to reach a solution on an issue designated by the conference staff prior to the conference by passing resolutions. Other students (generally the students from the hosting school) called Chairs conduct the meetings and ensure order and smooth proceeding during conference. Meetings are conducted in formal United Nations rules of order, so everything is ve ry procedural and orderly (most of the time). For all you visual learners, heres a Dummys Guide to how MUN works: Im sure you enjoy the artistic-ness of my stick figures. The sketch is a VERY simplified version of all the negotiations, debates, and bantering that go on during conference, but thats the spirit of the conference. Aside from formal debate, theres time to explore the city, meet the delegations from other schools (theres more than 60 colleges present!), and just have a good time in general: I ventured over to UPenn Saw the Liberty Bell(did you know that there are 55 Replica Liberty Bells scattered over the United States?) Had some amazing food(I didnt intend to just take pictures of the amazing Philly Asian food. I actually had Philly Cheesesteak and some great grilled food but forgot to take the pictures =/) And, of course, spent a lot of time in committee drafting and debating resolutions! Yup, so that was my two weeks in condensed form. Now Im ready to tackle the next onslaught of psets and exams. Work hard + Play Hard = MIT.

Edgar Allen Poes The Cask of Amontillado Essay - 1076 Words

â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Revenge can be sweet, but in this case it is just down right grotesque! In Edgar Allen Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† it talks about a gentlemen named Montressor and how he is angry at Fortunato for insulting him in the past. Montressor will not let this go unpunished, so he thinks up a clever scheme to get back at him. This plan is in a way, ingenious but most definitely insane and crazy. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This story dates back into the 1800’s. The time of year, Mardi Gras. A good friend and fellow wine connoisseur, Fortunato, once insulted Montressor, the main character. Although the insult was not stated in the story it must have been pretty bad because of the†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Finally, they reach the end on the catacombs and the Amontillado is near. Then, suddenly Montressor throws Fortunato and fettered him on the wall in a little aperture. He Builds a crypt with a trowel and masonry slowly circumscribing him. Fortunato will slowly suffocate and die. He is almost done laying the stones when Fortunato begs him to let him out and lets him know that the joke was very good but Montressor is not joking. He lays the last block and clamored can be heard through the walls. Slowly the noise died down and Montressor absconded to let Fortunato repose. Of course, then Fortunato perceived what he had done. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In a way, Montressor was very clever. He got everyone to do what he wanted without telling them, and everyone being totally oblivious. Reverse phsycology played and important role in this perfect murder. It helped everything run smoothly with getting the servants out of the house and get Fortunato into the catacombs. Yes, this murder was the perfect consequence for what Fortunato had done. It got him down there and made him die, like Montessor’s reputation and fortune. The slow death would have made him think long and hard about what he had done and how he had hurt Montressor. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Montressor can either be an insane murderer or just a man who wants revenge. He has to be a bit insane because he had killed this man. Whoever read this storyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Edgar Allen Poe’s The Cask of Amontillado1048 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Allen Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado Is there really a perfect crime? This is the main point in Edgar Allen Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado.† The story is a dark tale of a presumably insane man who suffers from, according to him, â€Å"the thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could† (Poe 75). One of the major factors in telling this story is the setting. The story is set primarily in the Montresor family catacombs, which provides the dark setting, filled with human remains, andRead MoreEdgar Allen Poes The Cask of Amontillado Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poes The Cask of Amontillado Edgar Allen Poes brings us a twisted tale of vengeance and horror in The Cask of Amontillado. Poes character, Montresor, acts as our guide and narrator through this story. He grabs a hold of the reader as he tells the story from his own apathetic and deceptive mind to gain vengeance from the weak and dismal Fortunato. Montresors mentality is disturbing as he uses his clever, humor, ironic symbolism, and darkness to accomplish this. At the beginningRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allen Poes The Cask Of Amontillado968 Words   |  4 Pageshis downfall. In Edgar Allen Poe’s â€Å"the Cask of Amontillado,† Fortunato’s pride and his self-proclaimed â€Å"connoisseurship of wine,† ultimately leads him to his death (Poe 1). The imagery used by Poe truly shows the contrast and the outward struggle between Montresor, the narrator, and Fortunato, the victim. The dark setting of the play foreshadows the dark fate that awaits Fortunato. The jester outfit that the victim dons contrasts the darkness around him. In ‘The Cask of Amontillado,† Poe uses vividRead MoreEssay on Edgar Allen Poes Cask of Amontillado870 Words   |  4 Pages#65279;CASK OF AMONTILLADO Edgar Allen Poe’s The Cask of Amontillado is a story of fear and revenge. The dark side of human nature is exemplified through the character of Montressor and his victim, Fortunato. The story begins with Montressor’s vow of revenge. This is proven in the first sentence when Montressor says, â€Å"The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne best I could; but when he ventured upon insult, I vowed revenge.† Montressor is a manipulativeRead More Edgar Allen Poes The Cask Of Amontillado Essay1954 Words   |  8 Pages Edgar Allen Poes, quot;The Cask Of Amontillado,quot; is a between two enemies. It humorously portrays the foil of Fortunato, as he is led through the catacombs. Poes humour is dark, sarcastic and very ironic, which quickly becomes a signpost of the tale. Poe sets himself apart from other authors in his works, based on how he depicts and encounters death. It accentuates the notion that at times, your worst enemy will appear as your best friend. Pride is the downfall of every man and the sameRead MoreInsanity In Edgar Allen Poes The Cask Of Amontillado794 Words   |  4 Pagesexactly what happened in Edgar Allen Poesâ€⠄¢ short story called â€Å"The cask of Amontillado,† it is a story about Two men, Montresor and Fortunado, Montresor is a man who vows to get retribution on Fortunado, a man who merely Insulted his family name. As you can see Montresor is clearly insane and two other traits you could describe him with would be him being astute and extremely determined. In conclusion, there are three main traits that Montresor showed during The Cask of Amontillado and I will do my bestRead MoreEssay about Edgar Allen Poes The Cask of Amontillado735 Words   |  3 Pages Edgar A. Poe’s, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, is a witty and daring tale based on revenge. The plot of it though is very simple. Montresor, who carries a grudge against Fortunato for an offense that is never explained, leads a drunken Fortunato through a series of chambers beneath his palazzo with the promise of a taste of Amontillado, a wine that Montresor has just purchased. When the two men reach the last underground chamber, Montresor chains Fortunato to the wall, builds a new wall to seal himRead MoreIgnorance and Greed Leads to a Quick Ending in Edgars Allen Poe’s The Cask of Amontillado796 Words   |  4 Pages Edgars Allen Poe’s The Cask of Amontillado portrays two great examples of how greed and ignorance combined can lead to a quick ending, both physically and mentally. The story possesses two different aspects of an ending through two similar but yet different characters. Both characters possess the trait of greed, which hinders their ability to think rationally. The most obvious aspect of greed is carried out by Montresor, because this is a â€Å"short story of revenge.† He seeks to make Fortunato, theRead MoreA Psychological Occurance of Montresor as an Obsession of Revenge with Impunity in Edgar Allen Poes The Cask of Amontillado788 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poe is an American short story writer,poet and literary critic.His famous short stories are based on not only horrific events,but also on psychological distortations as in The Cask of Amontillado.In his literary critic on short story writing style,he says a short story should turn around a central event and all the other things must have use for that main point.In this short story,his main point is the result of obsession of revenge with impunity and all the other actions serve forRead More Comparing Edgar Allen Poes The Cask of Amontillado, The Black Cat, and The Tell-tale Heart752 Words   |  4 PagesComparing Edgar Allen Poes The Cask of Amon tillado, The Black Cat, and The Tell-tale Heart The short stories of Edgar Allen Poe demonstrate the authors ample gifts in the psychology of the mind, regardless of the fact he was decades ahead of Freud.   Poes short stories are often from the deranged and murderous point-of-view of the narrator, who often illustrates the inner-workings of his own psychology and the disintegration of the self brought about by psychological disorders, aberrations

Essay on Principles of Management - 1038 Words

Allison Reach Mr. Michael King Principles of Management December 2, 2010 Case Application: Mixing It Up In July of 2000, General Mills acquired Pillsbury from London based Diageo for $10.5 billion in stock and assumed debt. (All Business, A Damp;B Company) After the merger, managers from General Mills were now faced with integrating the two Minnesota based companies. A special concern that had been brought up was marketing issues. With such household names such as Pillsbury, Betty Croker, Green Giant, Wheaties, and Cheerios, the managers at General Mills had a large task at hand on how to continue to market the many brands under their umbrella. As said by Kevin Wilde, the company’s chief learning officer, they had wanted to†¦show more content†¦The use of these types of teams creates the potential for an organization to generate greater outputs with no increase in, or even fewer, outputs (Stephen P. Robbins 249). According to Beth Gunderson, the director of organization effectiveness at General Mills, you can leverage beyond peoples functional expertise. A perso n from human resources, for instance, would ask a provocative question [precisely because] she wasnt a marketer. And youd see the look on the marketers faces: Whoa, I never thought of that. (Gordon). Aside from the many benefits gained by these cross functional teams, managers face some major problems. The same qualities that make these teams work, that they are large, virtual, diverse, and composed of highly-educated specialists, also work against it. Members of these complex, cross-functional teams are, as long as there are not any outside influences, less likely â€Å"to share knowledge freely, to learn from one another, to shift workloads flexibly to breakup unexpected bottlenecks, to help one another complete jobs and meet deadlines, and to share resources – in other words, to collaborate.† (Erickson). Some the ways that managers may deal with these issues is to look into the issues discussed in the next section. There are a number of items that affect how a team works. These items include roles, norms, status, group size, and group cohesiveness. Roles are behaviorShow MoreRelatedPrinciples of Scientific Management1149 Words   |  5 PagesScientific Management is a theory of management that analyzed and synthesized workflows. Its main objective was improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. It was one of the earliest attempts to apply science to the engineering of processes and to management. Its development began with Frederick Winslow Taylor in the 1880s and 1890s within the manufacturing industries. Taylor was an American mechanical engineer and a management consultant in his later years. He is often calledRead MoreThe Principles Of Scientific Management1337 Words   |  6 Pagesa century ago, Frederick Winslow Taylor’s renowned work The Principles of Scientific Management set forth a theory that to this day is subjected to a similar degree of critique and debate to that in the early 20th century. While Taylor’s ideas were evidently influenced by the works of earlier researchers, it is he who is credited as the â€Å"father† of the scientific management movement (Jeacle, 2004, p. 1164). As such, scientific management itself is synonymous with Taylor to the extent that it is commonlyRead MoreThe Principles Of Scientific Management2994 Words   |   12 PagesIntroduction Good management can be defined as the optimal use of available resources to increase an organisation s efficiency and effectiveness in meeting its objectives (Garg, 2013). Scientific management has been the dominant model for many years, but its usefulness for meeting modern organisational challenges may be limited. This paper examines the principles of scientific management, the degree to which it is applied in contemporary organisations, its utility for addressing modern challengesRead MoreThe Principles of Scientific Management and Its Applications in Modern Day Organizations2456 Words   |  10 PagesThe Principles of Scientific Management and its Applications in Modern Day Organizations Introduction Managers have been continuously trying to figure out the best way to manage the workplace since the start of the industrial revolution. The goal is to maximize production output and minimize cost therefore getting maximized profit while still keeping workers happy and motivated. Different methods have been introduced and tested. But perhaps one of the most influential and popular ideas in managementRead MorePrinciples of Management1252 Words   |  5 PagesSWOT Project Principles of Management SWOT Interestingly enough, there are different levels of overlap between my SWOT analysis, and those provided to me by others. There is not a consistent characteristic that appears in every single SWOT, but certain characteristics appear in two or three. The most common strengths that appeared in the SWOTs were leadership, charisma, and empathy. When I was answering the strengths section of the self SWOT, I thought others mentioned generosity, listening andRead MoreThe Principles Of Knowledge Management Principles1200 Words   |  5 PagesKnowledge Management Principles The twelve Knowledge Management Principles are aimed at leading individuals to apply key Army principles to their decisions and incorporate them into the actions that they undertake. Out of these twelve principles, the two that appear to be the most critical would be the first and third principles, which apply to the training of leaders, managers, and champions on knowledge management principles and creating an environment in which collaboration can occur on the basisRead MorePrinciples of Management2084 Words   |  9 Pagespowers by training. The company focuses on balancing between local hiring and international hiring to rise the probability of getting talented and hard workers. Chapter 2: 1. Mr.Hamdoun is a big advocate of efficiency. How might principles of scientific management be useful to LCB? - two of the three scientific methods are the most useful to Mr.Hamdoun. 1. Putting the right person on the job with the correct tools and equipment. 2. Having a standardized method of doing the job. 2Read MorePrinciple of Management1020 Words   |  5 Pagesskills. The assignment will be graded using the following rubric: Outcomes Assessed  · Explain the principle theories of leadership and motivation, and describe the fundamental considerations in managing and motivating individual and group behavior.  · Use technology and information resources to research issues in management. Grading Rubric for Assignment # 2 – â€Å"Hewitt-Packard Company† Criteria 0 Unacceptable 20 Developing 30 Read MorePrinciples of Management2076 Words   |  9 Pagespowers by training. The company focuses on balancing between local hiring and international hiring to rise the probability of getting talented and hard workers. Chapter 2: 1. Mr.Hamdoun is a big advocate of efficiency. How might principles of scientific management be useful to LCB? - two of the three scientific methods are the most useful to Mr.Hamdoun. 1. Putting the right person on the job with the correct tools and equipment. 2. Having a standardized method of doing the job. 2. How mightRead MorePrinciples of Management1306 Words   |  6 Pagesthere for a little over a year, I wanted to ask these questions. Not to see how different managers felt about specific employees, but to get an overall view of how their jobs as managers directly affected each and everyone s job performance. Management is a science of how an individual works with a group of people, oversees their performance, and tries to effectively and efficiently get them to exceed the goals set forth by the company. It is a science that has guidelines and rules to follow

Odor and Perfume Free Essays

perfume COMMUNICATION AND ADVERTISING ‘CHANEL’ Xing Cheng Zhao Qin Zeynep Sezer Chanel Perfume Background: What’s the different of the man and woman’s perfume Man perfume is generally vegetation type, lady perfume with floral majority And from perfume bottles can see it, man perfume scent-bottle mostly concise have edge, lady perfume bottles are mostly curve. Man perfume bottle of color with grey,black, blue, give priority to warm color Lady scent-bottle color is rich, have beige, pink, red, etc Key message: This product is a unisex perfume, so it cannot have obvious difference between man and woman. e should invite a artist to design a wonderful scent-bottle,a attractive bottle design will catch consumers’ eye . We will write a custom essay sample on Odor and Perfume or any similar topic only for you Order Now this will increase sales volume. Special features: Because to make both men and women can use, so perfume bottle cannot too feminine also cannot too hard, so two paragraphs are designed respectively scent-bottle may be better. Also we need to produce this unisex perfume which has unique flavor. This perfume will used by the couples who want to make their relationships strong. Another special feature is the products use an environment friendly materials which are biodegradable. There are still many problems of environmental protection in recent years. Our products with bio-degradable packaging. It is favorable to Protect the environment and can’t increase waste . Our target consumers: Our new perfume is produced for the young fashion people especially couple between 16-25 years old and who are living in english speaking countries. For our new product, we chose young generation because our product will launch in Valentine’s day so we focus the young couples who wants to buy the present for each others. The other reseason of our target is: our product’s lower price. We want to make the young people able to buy the product who have small budget. USP: As unique selling points, we focus on price. our unisex perfume is produced with lower price by well-known up market manufacture. Our customers choose our new product on basis of price with brand’s quality. Media of Advertisement As a media advertisement using : TV commercial—-Use a storyboard to illustrate maybe invite famous star as a spokesperson to act the story. We decided to choose for our TV commercial as Robert Pattinson and Emma watson nowadays who are very famous and England stars. Because this is a unisex perfume, if use of television advertising can describe a love story illustrates this one perfume products. our main idea is reflected in this scent unisex, and romantic, aesthetic. The main storyline is a couple of strange men and women with the same fragrance, in passing, are each other on the same smell attracted, then fell in love! Because this kind of perfume is produced by a well-known up-market manufacturer,So the quality of products is believing,and it already have a lot of loyal customers. The company now wishes to enter the lower end of the market, the product’s price will be cheaper than other products of company. It is attractive to consumers, Wonderful perfume with cheap price . Radio spot—- write the script to make a radio play as a advertisement, including sound effects and music Magazine —-use famous star to take some fashion photograph and we are going to make the testers for customers in magazine. We make the people try our perfume in beauty shops and malls. Other media—- we use e-branding in facebook and the websites. We will inform the customers about our promotions and new product in Chanel’s website. And also we use the billboard in street with the photograph’s of our brand star. Special promotion This perfume’s key point is unisex, so special promotion is the perfume is a couple perfume, if a couple to buy lovers perfume, so that they can be presented a set of new product trial outfit. To launch the new perfume in Valentine’s Day activities(make bundling perfume body lotion shower gel) The products discount activities: buy one get 50% discount for the second one. How to cite Odor and Perfume, Essay examples

Pluralism and Neo

This essay seeks to assess and clearly discus certain aspects within industrial relation context. Importantly, it looks at the challenges to pluralism frame on industrial relation while also addressing neo-liberalism concept on a contemporary workplace. The latter is considered from the perspective of how it affects the political, social, and economic environment at large.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pluralism and Neo-Liberalism on a Contemporary Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From these perspectives a real example of workplace changes in manufacturing segment is used to assess how the forces bring about their frictional effects, it is from this that a discussion on the role played by the government to bring harmony in elucidated. As far as the view of pluralists is concerned Industrial relations take into account a vast array of issues. These arise from within and without a working environment. T hese are healthy for the parties involved because they are able to associate themselves with it. Pluralism holds a number of concerns in such an environment that may coincide or contradict other views and perspectives. What comes out is the relevance of these doctrines in making the entire place vibrant and live. This is to realise the expectations of all those concerned or affected in one way or the other (Budd, Gomez and Meltz 2004). Most market orders need civilization from the context of industrial relations. It is thus paramount for some key and essential aspects involving workers standards of living redressed. Even though, there is need to take into consideration, pluralism has a notion of doing away with such approach (Godard 2005). This will also take note of a sensible approach in protecting workers who may end up being caught up in arbitrary treatment (Heery et al. 2008). Such consideration should be the cornerstone of ensuring a free working environment. It should respect s both the employer and his employees is instituted and implemented. Importation of due processes forms a rich recipe for any sound and rigid relationship within the context of employment.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reception of the interests of workers according to the context of pluralists fosters limited adversarial relationship between the management and those employed. These relations forms the basis upon which projected and anticipated growth would be realized. Seriousness in fostering such issues will be an added advantage in achieving the overall goal (Greene 2003). A challenge involves not taking into consideration possible pressures from the external environment. A firm or business place in most cases will be influenced with permeable forces to influence the relationship between the employees and their employers (Heery et al. 2008). Anticipation of such forces and adequate conceptualization of the entire processes that can be influential in making the firm unproductive is a major setback (Apeldoorn 2004). Most firms have a permeable wall that allows intrusion of these factors. These can be adequately dealt with in a manner that all the parties involved are not negatively affected in one way or the other. That is why sexual division of labour is more prone in this respect (Kaufman 2004). Neutrality on the gender basis is a problem that has persisted and still exists within the context of pluralism. Recognition of gender and equality is factor in ensuring good relation. This category shields important aspects of work life (Heery et al. 2008). A question that remains contentious is whether sexual delineation is appropriate in distribution of what will eventually end in the pockets and working experience indicators (Keith 2006). This factor has not been adequately brought into light to make most firms appreciate the assumption without much p olitical interferences. Articulation of this aspect challenges this model of industrial relation in the sense that lack of recognition of gender matters may hinder fair environment for the minority groups. This may not necessarily look at the gender imbalance yet they are the most strategic people who can fight for their rights and help bring change that takes into consideration the majority interests (Latham and Craig 2005).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pluralism and Neo-Liberalism on a Contemporary Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pluralists have always maintained their biasness towards law regulation of employer’s behaviours. This is regurgitated in the context of collective representation of the employees. This is also felt in combined regulatory mechanism of employment relations. These aspects form the most important part in any healthy and vibrant work place. The place should at all tim e take into account the interest of both the employer and the employee. Whenever one party is given more attention chances are that the other party is liable to be on the receiving end. This will have final influence on the work processes (Wachter 2004). However, it is difficult to ensure this is possible. The best way of coming into terms of equilibrium will employ the method that ensures needs and demands of the most vulnerable is well articulated (Heery et al. 2008). A challenge comes in when a bigger fish gets more attention than the small fish. Such an approach will pose the latter into a dangerous zone of being swallowed. Most importantly is formulation of a more critical method that seeks to look at both parties without favour or discrimination (Kaufman 2005). This makes the entire place of work considerable and conducive for attaining its mandate. Power struggle between the employer and the employees is another challenge that this model is not getting right. Relationship at work place will always embrace a set of legitimate interests. The anticipation is that these sets will be at equilibrium with one another. The employer and the employees in this respect needs to exercise irreducible core of conflicting ideas and ideologies. However, in most case the imbalance sets in to pave way to the predicaments for the vulnerable group. At all cost the employees will always be on the receiving end in such cases. This model does recognize the fact that workers have the right to combine and come together and form unions to articulate their demands in their place of work (Wheeler 1994). The union will be meant to assess both individual and legitimate interests of both parties and that of the entire community (Heery et al. 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The need for policies and laws will help shape the behaviour of employers as well as bring into existence the model of collective bargaining between the two parties. Their alternatives to the Marxists are that there should be balance in any viable industrial relation. Pluralist concerns are built by the fact that this approach make is essential to diversify managerial roles and create more opportunities for both the minority and the majority group within a given work place (Keith 2006). They also assert that a process shaping a business or firm is brought out by a well defined policy and regulations. Key to this is full participation of the minority groups. This keeps the issues of inequality at bay and makes the entire process a productive one. Neo-liberalism has a different perspective on how they perceive work place. By the fact that they accept the legitimacy of employees to possess certain privileges and pursue them, they open a wider concept of a viable work place (Heery et al . 2008). They however, have a tendency of cutting short these views because they place it at the mercy of employers. The main issue in this is their containment by a joint effort of competing market and the managerial hierarchy (Kotz 2010). This concept makes this model a more unfriendly one to the employees because their vulnerability is not accurately taken into consideration (Latham and Craig 2005). Employers’ gets more privilege at the expense of labour. Such an environment will pose more venom to the vulnerable group because institution of unions is less valuable. This gives them very minimal chances to articulate their work place demands. Power imbalance within the employment segment becomes a chronic ailment that takes a century to form scar. Such employees will not be better placed to have alternative means to prevent them from over relying on their employers for their survival. Their routinely calls on withdrawal and weakening of forces and legislative dimensions tha t seeks to prevent healthy market forces lowers the capacity to adapt to market signals (Wheeler 1994). This has a twofold effect on both the managerial hierarchy and their subjects. This is true in the sense that the former benefits if the relevant authority implements such calls while the fate of the latter depends on the mechanisms laid in to look into their demands after success. This might also depend on the unions, even though their voices may be under the waters. They have a believe that the role of the unions is to create inefficiency as well as lower quality in productivity lines. This is because it is believed to impose regulations and rules on the working environment (Kotz 2010). Their jurisdiction mainly features on their ability to weaken the union’s capability of regulating the market labour. In this respect, neo-liberalism is seen as pro-employers and only majors in promoting their interests without compromising on a neutral ground (Nick et al. 2006). One can s trongly assert that neo-liberalism uses incentives in planning to alleviate principal agent issues while taking into consideration of the shareholders interests (Kotz 2010). This concept makes it impossible for the model to create a unified environment that ensures fairness across all the players (Heery et al. 2008). Neo-liberalism concepts of a unique work environment are built from their enthusiastic nature for sharing profits and employee share ownership. This makes them develop a hard line in their favour by the virtue of their aftermath gains (Nick et al. 2006). A positive concept is one that not only looks at the interests of those represent but also takes care of public opinion to gain their interest. This is not true with neo-liberalism because its representation does not spread its tentacles well within a diverse area of jurisdiction as far as equality and equilibrium is concerned (Redman and Wilkinson 2001). As far as workplace change is concerned, my context will look at changes in a typical place of work in a manufacturing facility that houses a number of processes all unified under one managerial hierarchy. In this respect all the employees are not allowed to join or form any union or trade movement to articulate for a better working environment, salary increment, and other issues that may affect their health while at work station (Wheeler 1994). In this case the cartel instituted by the neo-liberalism concept makes the employer have the ultimate say as far as entire matters of all employees are concerned. They therefore, have no time to take into account their special and specific need. From the perspective of neo-liberalism, it is the best way to reduce grievances and conflicts between the employer and the employees. This is believed to increase output because more time is dedicated on work as per the desire of the employer (Nick et al. 2006). But on the other hand, when this is viewed from the perspective of pluralists more output is realized w hen the work environment takes care of all those concerned, their needs and desires considered and well articulated. In this context the employer rights are the cornerstone of day to day activities. Yet despite its inability to recognize bodies that articulate the rights of the vulnerable group, chances are that the anticipated productivity will be a dream that was never realized. The state would come in these scenarios and bring sanity. This is true when the state regulates labour markets as well as union objectives. It can do these by raising wages and challenging the prerogatives of the managerial team. These trade unions are seen as stumbling blocks by the neo-liberalism unlike their fellow counterparts (pluralists) who believe trade unions are the solutions in any working environment (Wheeler 1994). One of the employment regulations is to look into the minimal wages paid to employees. The government has a role of ensuring it sets legal framework that take into account a diver a rray of opinion and desires of both the employer and the employees (Wajcman 2000). This recognition of both parties will streamline the sector and reduce chances of conflicts because environment will set an equal bargaining power. Recognition of trade unions will be the most balanced diets in achieving this. Policies that make these facts a reality will need to be instituted with all parties represented to avoid favour. Protection of the weak who are the employees receiving minimal wages, preventing discrimination on the ground of sex and race, and laying down minimal standards of working environment as far as hygiene, conditions, health and safety is concerned (Wajcman 2000). Conclusion In conclusion the current world will have no room for neo-liberalism concept of workplace environment. This is because the workplace is really changing and people are calling on one another to be accountable. Articulation of diverse views is more welcomed and makes the society a healthy place to liv e in. From this discussion neo-liberalism does not take into account the importance of trade unions in articulation of the rights of employees. Its take on weakening legislative interventions that interferes with market forces makes the workplace unhealthy for equality. This model chocks the employees while taking into keen consideration the desires of their masters. This is unlike the context of pluralism, which seeks to ensure an equilibrium environment for all those concerned. This is also different because it helps set up trade unions that articulates the desires and needs of all the parties without discrimination. However, the state has a major role of ensuring a more balance workplace environment by instating policies and regulations. Such policies take into account the interests of all parties. Such an approach calls for an equal bargaining power, recognition of unions and diverse interests of the parties. Reference List Apeldoorn, B.V., 2004. Transnational Historical Materia lism: The Amsterdam International Political Economy Project. Journal of International Relations and Development, 7(2), pp. 1-32. Budd, J.W., Gomez, R., and Meltz, N.M., 2004. Why a Balance is Best: The Pluralist IndustrialRelations Paradigm of Balancing Competing Interests. In B.E. Kaufman, ed. 2004. Theoretical Perspectives on Work and the Employment Relationship, Champaign, IL: Industrial Relations Research Association, pp. 195-227. Godard, J., 2005. Industrial Relations, the Economy, and Society. 3rd ed. Concord, Ontario: Captus Press. Greene, A.M., 2003. Women and Industrial Relations. In P. Ackers and A. Wilkinson, eds. 2005. Understanding Work and Employment: Industrial Relations in Transition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 305-315. Heery, E., Bacon, N., Blyton, P. and Fiorito, J., 2008. Introduction; the field of industrial relation. In P. Blyton et al., eds. 2008. The SAGE Handbook of Industrial Relations. London: SAGE Publications Ltd, pp. 1-32. Kaufman, B.E., 2004. The Global Evolution of Industrial Relations: Events, Ideas, and the IIRA. Geneva: International Labour Office. Kaufman, B.E., 2005. The Social Welfare Objectives and Ethical Principles of Industrial Relations. In J.W. Budd and J.G. Scoville, eds. 2005. The Ethics of Human Resources and Industrial Relations. Champaign, IL: Labor and Employment Relations Association, pp. 23-59. Keith, A., 2006. A Review of Employment Relations Theories and Their Application. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 1, pp. 187-206. Kotz, D.M., 2010. Financialization and Neo-liberalism. In T. Gary S. McBride, eds. 1992. Relations of Global Power Neoliberal Order and Disorder. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, p. 336. Latham, G.P. and Craig, P.C., 2005. Work Motivation Theory and Research at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century. Annual Review of Psychology, 56(1), pp. 485–516. Nick, B., Blyton, P., Fiorito, J. and Heery, E., 2006. Chapter 5 Values, Ideologies, and Frames of Reference in Empl oyment Relations Handbook of Industrial and Employment Relations. Minneapolis: Industrial Relations Center University of Minnesota. Redman, T. and Wilkinson, A. eds., 2001. Contemporary Human Resource Management. London: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Wachter, M.L., 2004. Theories of the Employment Relationship: Choosing Between Norms and Contracts. In B.E. Kaufman, ed. 2002. Theoretical Perspectives on Work and the Employment Relationship. Champaign, IL: Industrial Relations Research Association, pp. 163-193. Wajcman, J., 2000. Feminism facing industrial relations in Britain. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 38(2), pp. 183–202. Wheeler, H.N., 1994. Employee Rights as Human Rights. Bulletin of Comparative Labour Relations, 28, pp. 9-18. This essay on Pluralism and Neo-Liberalism on a Contemporary Workplace was written and submitted by user Kamren Baxter to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

History of Hospitals Essays

History of Hospitals Essays History of Hospitals Essay History of Hospitals Essay Hospitals originated in the 17th century primarily as an institution to provide housing and basic healthcare for the poor. It provided a haven to quarantine individuals to prevent the spread of highly contagious diseases. The technologies and vaccinations available did not allow for the comprehensive care we rely on today. Those who could afford clinical care would pay doctors and nurses to provide services in their home. In the early 19th century, as industrial cities became more populated, the demand for clinical and institutional care grew. Medical technology and scientific innovation made ambulatory healthcare available, yet there was not enough capital to support building large institutions viable to facilitate it. Religious organizations, philanthropists, and local governments built private and public institutions designed to deliver ambulatory, inpatient, and emergency care to local populations. By the beginning of the 20th century, hospitals became capable for research, development, and scientific discovery. Facilities became very large, housing and treating patients as well as facilitating medical research. Modern hospitals now provide clinical care to the most complex and critically ill patients while researching, innovating, and advancing medical technology. With increasing demand for treatment of chronic care, as well as the advancements in acute ambulatory care, modern hospitals have integrated vertically and horizontally to diversify their brand and provide an umbrella of accountability as an Integrated Delivery System. After World War II, managed care entered the marketplace. Insurance companies began to contract with hospital groups and Integrated Delivery Systems to provide comprehensive insurance and healthcare delivery, all centered around a hospital or group of hospitals. Hospitals have become a catalyst to the industry, providing the most intensive and critical care to the people who need it most. These institutions have provided a refuge for the sickest and poorest individuals in the community who would be left without care otherwise. Integrated Delivery Systems have been established, promoting corporate investment by mitigating risk, easing the burden on non-profit public hospitals funded by government entities and religious organizations. Vertical integration provides a wide range of delivery rather than one specialty, assuming greater risk leading to innovative relationships with patients and payers. Horizontal integration streamlines processes, provides greater economies of scale, and provides a solid foundation for larger delivery systems. Hospitals have been invaluable to the industry since the 17th century. However, the cost of hospital care has grown dramatically in the past 50 years, and the sources of revenue have shifted from private funding and health insurance to federal programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. Medicare accounts for nearly a third of all hospital expenditures, whose fee schedules and DRG payment model do not promote quality, preventative care. The decrease in the number of large hospitals over the past few decades has yielded to a growth in smaller, for-profit specialty hospitals which places a greater burden on community hospitals that provide costly emergency and complex care. The Hill-Burton Act of 1946 provided federal funding for hospitals in middle and lower class areas with caveats and regulations for how care was delivered. Hospitals that received funding were required to provide uncompensated care to those who could not afford it, placing a large burden of risk to the facility. The Public Service Health Act reinforced these regulations by broadening the scope of â€Å"inability to pay†, leading to an increase in lawsuits and administrative costs to the already large hospital budgets. Lean management with implementation in information technology are key to hospitals’ future success as a cornerstone to integrated delivery systems. In order for hospitals to be effective as we progress into the 21st century, a building structure should facilitate individual doctors in performing their various activities. But at the same time, it must not complicate the indispensable cooperation and communication between specialists and multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of patients. Structure must contribute to efficiency and transparency of processes involving different patient categories, but without fragmenting the work processes of doctors too much and decentralizing technology to an unmanageable scale (Geisler et al 158). References Geisler, Eliezer, Koos Krabbendam, and Roel Schuring. Technology, Health Care, and Management in the Hospital of the Future. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003. 158. eBook. Williams, Stephen J. Introduction to Health Services. 7th ed. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning, 2008. 183-97. Print.

Definition and Examples of Dissoi Logoi in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Dissoi Logoi in Rhetoric In classical rhetoric, dissoi logoi is the concept of opposing arguments, a cornerstone of Sophistic ideology and method. Also known as  antilogike. In ancient Greece, the dissoi logoi were rhetorical exercises intended for imitation by students. In our own time, we see dissoi logoi at work in the courtroom, where litigation is not about truth but rather the preponderance of evidence (James Dale Williams, An Introduction to Classical Rhetoric, 2009). The words dissoi logoi are from the Greek for double arguments.  Dissoi Logoi  is the title of an anonymous  sophistic  treatise thats generally thought to have been written about 400 BC. See Examples and Observations below. Also see: ArgumentationDebateDialecticElenchusMemoryPreparing an Argument: Explore Both Sides of an IssueSocratic DialogueSophism and SophistryStasis Examples and Observations The essential feature [of dissoi logoi], [G.B.] Kerferd writes, was not simply the occurrence of opposing arguments but the fact that both opposing arguments could be expressed by a single speaker, as it were within a single complex argument (The Sophistic Movement [1981], p. 84). Such an argumentative procedure could force any question into an Aporia by pointing out that each side was true within the terms that it had chosen to develop the argument. Both sides depended, ultimately, on language and its imperfect correspondence to the outside world, whatever one might think that world to be. A form of this analytical technique has recently been revived under the name of Deconstruction. Or, the parties could agree to accept one position as superior, even though it manifestly depended on human argument and not Divine Truth. It is from this accommodation to antithetical structure that Anglo-Saxon jurisprudence descends: we arrange social issues into diametrically opposed questions, arran ge a dramatic display of their conflict, and (since the law cannot afford aporia as a conclusion to social disputes) accept the jury-audiences verdict as a defining truth, a precedent for future disputation.(Richard Lanham, A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms, 2nd ed. University of California Press, 1991) In essence, dissoi logoi posits that one side (logos) of an argument defines the existence of the other, creating a rhetorical situation in which at least two logoi struggle for dominance. In contrast, Western cultures implicit assumption that argument is about truth or falsity urges one to assume that one side of the argument is true or more accurate and that other accounts are false or less accurate. Quite differently, Sophists acknowledge that one side of the argument might in a particular context represent the stronger logos and others the weaker, but this does not preclude a weaker logos from becoming the stronger in a different or future context. Sophism assumes that the stronger logos, no matter how strong, will never completely overcome competing logoi and earn the title of absolute truth. Ratherand this is the heart of dissoi logoiat least one other perspective is always available to serve as an other to the stronger argument.(Richard D. Johnson-Sheehan, Sophistic Rhetoric. Theorizing Composition: A Critical Sourcebook of Theory And Scholarship in Contemporary Composition Studies, ed. by Mary Lynch Kennedy. Greenwood, 1998) Dissoi LogoiThe Original Treatise Dissoi Logoi (twofold arguments) is the name, taken from its first two words, that has been given to a tract which is attached to the end of the manuscript of Sextus Empiricus. . . . It contains arguments which are capable of bearing opposed meanings, and it has sections dealing with Good and Bad, Decent and Disgraceful, Just and Unjust, True and False, together with a number of untitled sections. It has the look of a students lecture notes, but this appearance may be deceptive. The contents are what we might expect in Protagoras Antilogiai, but it is safer simply to designate them as sophistic.For example, to prove that Decent and Disgraceful are really the same, the following double argument is brought forward: for women to wash themselves in the home is decent, but women washing in the palaestra would be disgraceful [it would be all right for men]. Therefore, the same thing is both disgraceful and decent.(H. D. Rankin, Sophists, Socratics and Cynics. Barnes Noble Books, 1983) Dissoi Logoi  on Memory The greatest and fairest discovery has been found to be memory; it is useful for everything, for wisdom as well as for the conduct of life. This is the first step: if you focus your attention, your mind, making progress by this means, will perceive more. The second step is to practice whatever you hear. If you hear the same things many times and repeat them, what you have learned presents itself to your memory as a connected whole. The third step is: whenever you hear something, connect it with what you know already. For instance, suppose you need to remember the name Chrysippos, you must connect it with chrusos (gold) and hippos (horse).(Dissoi Logoi, trans. by Rosamund Kent Sprague. Mind, April 1968)

Process and Tracking Control Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Process and Tracking Control - Research Paper Example However the evaluation of the internal controls involves mostly those that are related to information systems and entity as well as its environment (Singleton, Singleton & Bologna, 2006). It is normally operated by an IT auditor who understands COSO model and is able to apply it in financial auditing during the evaluation of internal controls. Elements of the COSO Model Control environment. It is a view of the internal controls from the perspective of the entity including the environment created for processes of business and controls internally and influences of this environment on whether it is able to maintain an effective internal control system. Ways in which control environment is evaluated with regard to risks associated with it include enforcement and communication of ethical values and integrity, commitment to competence, participation of people who are charged with governance, management’s style philosophy and assignment of authority and responsibility (Singleton, Sin gleton & Bologna, 2006). Risk assessment: It refers to the ability of an entity to asses risks properly and, for those risks that are major, mitigates them up to a level that is acceptable through the use of controls. Risks may be introduced through various ways including changing of the operating environment, new information systems, and employment of a modern information systems, rapid growth and pronouncement of new accounting. Information and communication: It involves communicating information on financial reporting accurately and in a timely manner to decision makers and managers. The various ways in which it can be evaluated in regard to the associated risks include systems that support identification, then capture then exchange information in a manner and time frame that will allow personnel to undertake their responsibilities, financial reporting information, internal communication, internal control information and external communication (Singleton, Singleton & Bologna, 200 6). Control activities: These refer to actual controls themselves. The evaluation of these control activities involves various ways including general controls, application controls and physical controls. Controls are evaluated at three levels which include: design effectiveness, operational effectiveness and implementation (Singleton, Singleton & Bologna, 2006). Monitoring: It refers to the ability of an entity to effectively monitor the controls since they operate on a daily basis, individually and also cooperate with other controls. Various ways in which monitored control effectiveness are evaluated include separate and ongoing evaluations concerning internal controls over financial reporting, deficiencies that are identified and reported, assessment of the quality of internal controls performance over a given period of time, putting procedures in place so as to adjust the control system as required and utilizing relevant information that is external or independent monitors (Singl eton, Singleton & Bologna, 2006). Control Objectives for Information and related Technology (COBIT) It was first issued by the IT Governance Institute, ITGI and Information systems Audit and Control Association, ISACA in the year 1998. It is regarded as de facto standard in IT Governance maturity assessment. A lot of knowledge is needed on this framework and therefore it makes it

The Islamic Conquests Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Islamic Conquests - Essay Example In Empire to Commonwealth (12-19), historian Garth Fowden has delineated three separate geographical, cultural, and political spheres in Eurasia: China, India, and the Near East (the Fertile Crescent and the adjacent Mediterranean coast). These areas were all ancient centers of civilization and because of the distances and geographical barriers involved, had little interaction with each other. This is why China, India, and the Near East/Mediterranean can be thought of as continuous discrete civilizations even though throughout much of their history they lacked the political unity to provide full national identity. Although Islam eventually spread to all three areas, it origin and center lay in the Near East and it was only there that it became fully dominant. The Near East is unique among the three in having close interaction with a wide variety of surrounding areas. The Fertile Crescent is "a vortex that pulls inward and fuses what lies around it. So not only can the Fertile Crescent never enjoy long-term autonomy, but its unity can only be realized on a secure bases as part of a wider unification of the Iranian Plateau with the Mediterranean" (Fowden, 18). This unity was only achieved twice, in the first instance by the Achaemenid Empire (Alexander's fleeting unification of an even larger territory was based on Achaemenid Iran) in the sixth to fourth centuries BC, and in the seventh century by the Umayyad Caliphate. The initial Arab conquests unified the entire Fertile Crescent region with Iran for the first time in centuries, providing a secure economic, political, and geographical base fo r further conquests, for instance by allowing the Islamic state to compete on an even footing with the Byzantine navy (Fowden, 140). It may well be that the impetus to sustain large scale conquests into the eighth century came from the Islamic practice of providing for the army from the income of conquered lands collectively, rather than distributing the lands. This tended to keep the army in being (Karsh, 24). How did the initial Arab conquest succeed so well The Arabs' opponents in the area, the Byzantine and Sassanian Empires, were exhausted after a generation of fruitless war with each other over the Fertile Crescent and were in internal states of near collapse. In Iran, ultimately the loosing party in this conflict, on which the pressure was increased by Turkish invasions from the north (Christian, 260-285), the aftermath of defeat had led to assassination, civil war, and by 633 a state of anarchy in the empire (Nafziger and Walton, 18). Rome was also riven with internal dissensions (see below). So, to a large degree from a military perspective, the rapid Arab conquest of the Iranian state and of nearly half the territory of the Byzantine state, is to be attributed to the internal weakness of the defeated Empires rather to any special qualities of Islam. Other possible purely military factors to explain the Islamic conquests have been proposed, though with less plausibility. In Islam at War, Nafziger and Walton suggest a 'great man' solution to the problem of the Arab conquest, arguing that Khalid ibn al Waleed was "one of the great [sic] natural military leaders in all of human history" (16-17). But this hardly seems plausible. However remarkable Khalid's successes were on an operation level, and as astounding as his victories were, the were (as above) due more to the

Frankenstein Essay -- Literary Analysis, Mary Shelley

Organic: A Very Lucid Concept Will it ever be possible for a machine to be an organic being? It is an interesting question and one that is addressed in Frankstein by Merry Shelly, RUR by Karel Capek and The Defecating Duck by Jessica Riskin. These three texts provide insight into what makes a creature an organic being. From these readings one may construe that the duck in The Defecating Duck, along with the robots at the beginning of RUR cannot be considered organic beings, while the monster in Frankstein and the robots at the end of RUR can. An organic robot is an oxymoron; a robot does not have the chemical capability to be considered biologically organic. Although a chemical process was alluded to in both it Frankstein and RUR, it was very brief, a short paragraph in each case, and did not give enough information to be able to classify either as an organic being. However, there is a definition of organic that can be applied to prove that robots have the capability to be organic,â€Å"[10th definition of organic] something as having a growth and development analogous to that of living organisms† (Merriam Webster Dictionary). In other words, to be considered organic one must have the ability and desire to live. To long for a companion shows that one has a desire to connect with someone in their life, and therefore proves that person has a longing to be apart of the world. The monster in Frankstein has a desire to find a person he can connect with, and ends up going on a journey to find one. This journey begins with the monster observing and eventually falling in love with a farm family. â€Å"I formed in my imagination pictures of presenting myself to them†¦I imagined that they would be disgusted, until, by my gentle demeanor and con... ...ple. They are mechanically more perfect than we are†¦ but they have no soul† (Capek, 9). This quote by Domin explains to Helena how robots are not human but just workers. Domin further expresses this point by saying that. â€Å"Everything will be done by living machines. People will do only what they enjoy† (Capek, 21). These robots, for the time being, are complicit with their place and show no desire to live. The robots, and duck fail to show a desire to live and therefore cannot be considered organic beings. The robots from the end of RUR and the monster in Frankstein, unlike the robots at the beginning of RUR and the duck in the Defecating Duck, can be called organic beings because of their desire to live. These three texts brought up interesting points to a confounding question of organic robots. Making one believe that only time will be able to solve this riddle.

Night World : Dark Angel Chapter 4

He went on driving. He didn't even pause. â€Å"We're almost home.† They were nearing the turn ontoMeadowcroft Road . Gillian tried to grab for one of the brown hands on the steering wheel, and then looked at her own hand, perplexed. Her fingers felt like blocks of wood. â€Å"You have to stop,† she said, settling for volume. â€Å"There's a kid lost in those woods. That's why I went in; I heard this sound like crying. It was coming from somewhere right near the creek. We've got to go back there. Come on, stop!† â€Å"Hey, hey, calm down,† he said. â€Å"You know what I bet you heard? A long-eared owl. They roost around here, and they make this noise like a moan, oo-oo-oo.† Gillian didn't think so. â€Å"I was walking home from school. It wasn't dark enough for an owl to be out.† â€Å"Okay, a mourning dove. Goes oh-ah, whoo, whoo. Or a cat; they can sound like kids sometimes. Look,† he added almost savagely, as she opened her mouth again, â€Å"when we get you home, we can call the Houghton police, and they can check things out. But I am not letting a lit-a girl freeze just because she's got more guts than smarts.† For a moment, Gillian had an intense longing to let him continue to believe she had either guts or smarts. But she said, â€Å"It's not that. It's just- I've already been through so much to try to find that kid. I almost died-I think I did die. I mean- well, I didn't die, but I got pretty cold, and-and things happened, and I realized how important life is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She floundered to a shivering stop. What was she saying? Now he was going to think she was a nut case. And anyway all that stuff must have been a dream. She couldn't make it seem real while sitting in a Mustang with her head wrapped in a towel. But David flashed her a glance of startled recognition. â€Å"You almost died?† He looked back at the road, turning the car ontoHazel Street , where they both lived. â€Å"That happened to me once. When I was little, I had to have this operation-â€Å" He broke off as the Mustang skidded on some ice. In a moment he was in control again and turning into Gillian's driveway. It happened to you, too? David parked and was out of the car before Gillian could gather herself to speak. Then he was opening her door, reaching for her. â€Å"Gotta get all this ridiculous stuff out of the way,† he said, pushing her hair back as if it were a curtain of cobwebs. Something about the way he said it made Gillian think he liked her hair. She peered up at him through a gap in the curtain. His eyes were dark brown and normally looked almost hawkish, but just now, as their gazes met, they changed. They looked startled and wondering. As if he saw something in her eyes that surprised him and struck a chord. Gillian felt a flutter of wonder herself. I don't think he's really tough at all, she thought, as something like a spark seemed to flash between them. He's not so different from me; he's- She was wracked by a sudden bout of shivers. David blinked and shook his head. â€Å"We've got to get you inside,† he muttered. And then, still shivering, she was in the air. Bobbing, being carried up the path to her house. â€Å"You shouldn't be walking to school in the winter,† David said. â€Å"I'll drive you from now on.† Gillian was struck speechless. On the one hand, she should probably tell him she didn't walk every day. On the other hand, who was she kidding? Just the thought of him giving her a ride was enough to make her heart beat wildly. Between that and the novel feeling of being carried, it wasn't until he was opening the front door that Gillian remembered her mother. Then she panicked. Oh, God, I can't let David see her-but maybe it'll be all right. If there was a smell of food cooking, that meant it was okay. If not, it was one of Mom's bad days. There was no smell of food as David stepped into the dim hallway. And no sign of life-all the downstairs lights were off. The house was cold and echoing and Gillian knew she had to get David out. But how? He was carrying her farther in, asking, â€Å"Your parents aren't home?† â€Å"I guess not. Dad doesn't get home until seven most nights.† It wasn't exactly a lie. Gillian just prayed her mom would stay put in the bedroom until David left. â€Å"I'll be okay now,† she said hastily, not even caring if she sounded rude or ungrateful. Anything to make him go. â€Å"I can take care of myself, and- and I'm okay.† â€Å"The he †¦ eck you are,† David said. It was the longest drawn out ‘heck' Gillian had ever heard. He doesn't want to swear around me. That's cute. â€Å"You need to get thawed out, fast. Where's a bathtub?† Gillian automatically lifted a stiff arm to point down the side hall, then dropped it. â€Å"Now, wait a minute-â€Å" He was already there. He put her on her feet, then disappeared into the bathroom to turn on the water. Gillian cast an anguished glance upstairs. Just stay put, Mom. Stay asleep. â€Å"You've got to get in there and stay for at least twenty minutes,† David said, reappearing. â€Å"Then we can see if you need to go to the hospital at Houghton.† That made Gillian remember something. â€Å"The police-â€Å" â€Å"Yeah, right, I'll call them. As soon as you're in the tub.† He reached out and plucked at her dripping, ice-crusted sweater. â€Å"Can you get this off okay? Do your fingers work?† â€Å"Urn†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Her fingers didn't work; they were still blocks of wood. Frost-nipped at least, she thought, peering at them. But there was no way he was going to undress her, and there was also no way she was going to call her mother. â€Å"Urn†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Uh, turn around,† David said. He pulled at her sweater again. â€Å"Okay, I've got my eyes shut. Now-â€Å" â€Å"No,† Gillian said, holding her elbows firmly against her sides. They stood, confused and indecisive, until they were saved by an interruption, a voice from the main hallway. â€Å"What are you doing to her?† the voice said. Gillian turned and looked around David. It was Tanya Jun, David's girlfriend. Tanya was wearing a velveteen cap perched on her glossy dark hair and a Christmas sweater with metallic threads woven in. She had almond-shaped gray eyes and a mouth with firm lips molded over white teeth. Gillian always thought of her as a future corporate executive. â€Å"I saw your car out there,† the future executive said to David, â€Å"and the front door of the house was open.† She looked level-headed, suspicious, and a little bit as if she doubted David's sanity. David looked back and forth between her and Gillian and fumbled for an explanation. â€Å"There's nothing going on. I picked her up onHillcrest Road . She was-well, look at her. She fell in the creek and she's frozen.† â€Å"I see,† Tanya said, still calmly. She gave Gillian a quick assessing glance, then turned back to David. â€Å"She doesn't look too bad. You go to the kitchen and make some hot chocolate. Or hot water with Jell-O in it, something with sugar. I'll take care of her.† â€Å"And the police,† Gillian called after David's disappearing back. She didn't exactly want to look Tanya in the face. Tanya was a senior like David, in the class ahead of Gillian atRachelCarsonHigh School . Gillian feared her, admired her, and hated her, in about that order. â€Å"Into the bathroom,† Tanya said. Once Gillian was in, she helped her undress, stripping off the clinging, icy-wet clothes and dropping them in the sink. Everything she did was brisk and efficient, and Gillian could almost see sparks fly from her fingers. Gillian was too miserable to protest at being stripped naked by somebody with the bedside manner of a female prison guard or an extremely strict nanny. She huddled, feeling small and shivering in her bare skin, and then lunged for the tub as soon as Tanya was done. The water felt scalding. Gillian could feel her eyes get huge and she clenched her teeth on a yell. It probably felt so hot because she was so cold. Breathing through her nose, she forced herself to submerge to the shoulders. â€Å"All right,† Tanya said on the other side of the coral-colored shower curtain. â€Å"I'll go up and get you some dry clothes to put on.† â€Å"No!† Gillian said, shooting half out of the water. Not upstairs, not where her mom was, not where her room was. But the bathroom door was already shutting with a decisive dick. Tanya wasn't the kind of person you said no to. Gillian sat, immobilized by panic and horror, until a fountain of burning pain drove everything else out of her mind. It started in her fingers and toes and shot upward, a white-hot searing that meant her frozen flesh was coming back to life. All she could do was sit rigid, breathe raggedly through her nose, and try to endure it. And eventually, it did get better. Her white, wrinkled skin turned dark blue, and then mottled, and then red. The searing subsided to a tingling. Gillian could move and think again. She could hear, too. There were voices outside the bathroom in the hallway. The door didn't even muffle them. Tanya's voice: â€Å"Here, I'll hold it. I'll take it to her in a minute.† In a mutter: â€Å"I'm not sure she can drink and float at the same time.† David's voice: â€Å"Come on, give her a break. She's just a kid.† â€Å"Oh, really? Just how old do you think she is?† â€Å"Huh? I don't know. Maybe thirteen?† An explosive snort from Tanya. â€Å"Fourteen? Twelve?† â€Å"David, she goes to our school. She's a junior.† â€Å"Really?† David sounded startled and bewildered. â€Å"Nah, I think she goes to P.B.† Pearl S. Buck was the junior high. Gillian sat staring at the bathtub faucet without seeing it. â€Å"She's in our biology class,† Tanya's voice said, edging toward open impatience. â€Å"She sits at the back and never opens her mouth.† The voice added, â€Å"I can see why you thought she was younger, though. Her bedroom's knee-deep in stuffed animals. And the wallpaper's little flowers. And look at these pajamas. Little bears.† Gillian's insides felt hotter than her fingers had been at their most painful. Tanya had seen her room, which was the same as it had been since Gillian was ten years old, because there wasn't money for new curtains and wallpaper and there wasn't any more storage space in the garage to put her beloved animals away. Tanya was making fun of her pajamas. In front of David. And David†¦ thought she was a little kid. That was why he'd offered to drive her to school. He'd meant the junior high. He'd been nice because he felt sorry for her. Two tears squeezed out of Gillian's eyes. She was trembling inside, boiling with anger and hurt and humiliation†¦ Crinch. It was a sound as loud as a rifle report, but high and crystalline-and drawn out. Something between a crash and a crunch and the sound of glass splintering under boots. Gillian jumped as if she'd been shot, sat frozen a moment, then pulled the moisture-beaded shower curtain aside and poked her head out. At the same instant the bathroom door flew open. â€Å"What was that?† Tanya said sharply. Gillian shook her head. She wanted to say, â€Å"You tell me,† but she was too frightened of Tanya. Tanya looked around the bathroom, spied the steamed-up mirror, and frowned. She reached across the sink to wipe it with her hand-and yelped. â€Å"Ow!† She cursed, staring at her hand. Gillian could see the brightness of blood. â€Å"What the-?† Tanya picked up a washcloth and swiped the mirror. She did it again. She stepped back and stared. From the tub, Gillian was staring, too. The mirror was broken. Or, not broken, cracked. But it wasn't cracked as if something had hit it. There was no point of impact, with lines of shattering running out. Instead, it was cracked evenly from top to bottom, side to side. Every inch was covered with a lattice of fine lines. It almost looked purposeful, as if it were a frosted-glass design. â€Å"David! Get in here!† Tanya said, ignoring Gillian. After a moment the door stirred and Gillian had a steamy distorted glimpse of David's face in the mirror. â€Å"Do you see this? How can something like this happen?† Tanya was saying. David grimaced and shrugged. â€Å"Heat? Cold? I don't know.† He glanced hesitantly in Gillian's direction, just long enough to locate her face surrounded by the coral shower curtain. â€Å"You okay?† he said, addressing himself to a white towel rack on the far wall. Gillian couldn't say anything. Her throat was too tight and tears were welling up again. But when Tanya looked at her, she nodded. â€Å"All right, forget it. Let's get you changed.† Tanya turned away from the mirror. David melted back out of the bathroom. â€Å"Make sure her fingers and everything are working all right,† he said distantly. â€Å"I'm fine,† Gillian said when she was alone with Tanya. â€Å"Everything's fine.† She wiggled her fingers, which were tender but functioning. All she cared about right now was getting Tanya to go away. â€Å"I can dress myself.† Please don't let me cry in front of her. She retreated behind the shower curtain again and made a splashing noise. â€Å"You guys can leave now.† Half a sigh from Tanya, who was undoubtedly thinking Gillian was ungrateful. â€Å"All right,† she said. â€Å"Your clothes and your chocolate are right here. Is there somebody you want me to call-?† â€Å"No! My parents-my dad will be here any minute. I'm fine.† Then she shut her eyes and counted, breath held. And, blessedly, there were the sounds of Tanya moving away. Both Tanya and David calling goodbyes. Then silence. Stiffly, Gillian pulled herself upright, almost falling down when she tried to step out of the bathtub. She put on her pajamas and walked slowly out of the bathroom, moving like an old woman. She didn't even glance at the broken mirror. She tried to be quiet going up the stairs. But just as she reached her bedroom, the door at the end of the upstairs hall swung open. Her mother was standing there, a long coat wrapped around her, fuzzy fleece-lined slippers on her feet. Her hair, a darker blond than Gillian's, was uncombed. â€Å"What's going on? I heard noise. Where's your father?† Not â€Å"Whass goin' on? Whersh your father?† But dose. â€Å"It's not even seven yet, Mom. I got wet coming home. I'm going to bed.† The bare minimum of sentences to communicate the necessary information. Her mother frowned. â€Å"Honey-â€Å" † ‘Night, Mom.† Gillian hurried into her bedroom before her mother could ask any more questions. She fell on her bed and gathered an armful of stuffed animals in the bend of her elbow. They were solid and friendly and filled her arm. Gillian curled herself around them and bit down on plush. And now, at last, she could cry. All the hurts of her mind and body merged and she sobbed out loud, wet cheek on the velveteen head of her best bear. She wished she'd never come back. She wanted the bright meadow with the impossibly green grass, even if it had been a dream. She wanted everyone to be sorry because she was dead. All her realizations about life being important were nonsense. Life was a giant hoax. She couldn't change herself and live in a completely new direction. There was no new start. No hope. And I don't care, she thought. I just want to die. Oh, why did I get made if it was just for this? There's got to be someplace I belong, something I'm meant to do that's different. Because I don't fit in this world, in this life. And if there isn't something more, I'd rather be dead. I want to dream something else. She cried until she was numb and exhausted and fell into a deadly still sleep without knowing it. When she woke up hours later, there was a strange light in her room.

Nutrition and Weight Loss Essay - 2238 Words

University of Phoenix Material Nutrition and Health Worksheet Use Ch. 1 of Contemporary Nutrition, Ch. 2 of Visualizing Nutrition, supplemental course materials, the University Library, the Internet, or other resources to answer the following questions. Your response to each question should be 75 to 100 words. 1. What is nutrition? Why is nutrition essential to our daily lives? | Wardlaw, Smith (2011) states that Nutrition involves a combination of food intake, in which the body uses food and substances to growth, repair, and maintain a healthy body. A healthy nutritional diet is a personal lifestyle choice. The body ingests, and absorbs various foods that help to create a healthy digestive system. Nutrition is the†¦show more content†¦Being under nourished can seriously cause irreversible damage to the body, and comprise the body immune system. Over nutrition means the body has consumed too much food, as well as vitamins and minerals over a period of time. This is why proportion size and eating in moderation is very important because the body can become over nourished to the point where it becomes unhealthy and possibly lead to death. Mainly consuming an excess amount of carbohydrates and fats contribute to the body being over nourished and this can become a dange r to a person’s health. Thus, causing a person to be obese, and being obese is a psychological disorder that causes a person to over eat and become extremely unhealthy. | 7. Why is physical activity important as it relates to nutrition and health? | Being physically active and maintaining a healthy diet works together in having good health. When the body is physically active it speeds up the metabolism and therefore burns calories. Also when the body is physically active an individual will have more energy and in return have the desire to eat less. 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